What characterizes a constructed wetland?

A constructed wetland is characterized by its use of natural processes to treat wastewater, specifically through the integration of vegetation and soil media. In these systems, plants play a vital role by using their roots to encourage the growth of microorganisms that break down and assimilate pollutants found in the water. The soil media provides additional filtration and habitat for beneficial organisms that aid in the treatment process.

Constructed wetlands mimic the functions of natural wetlands but are specifically designed and managed to improve water quality. They are engineered to optimize treatment processes, but they still rely heavily on natural ecological principles, making the presence of vegetation an essential characteristic.

This approach is effective for reducing contaminants in wastewater, making it an environmentally friendly and sustainable option compared to systems that may rely solely on mechanical or chemical methods, which lack the ecological benefits provided by plant and soil interactions. Thus, the emphasis on the natural treatment capacity provided by vegetation and soil media is what distinguishes constructed wetlands as an innovative solution in wastewater management.