What is a significant risk of using chlorination for disinfection?

The use of chlorination for disinfection is widely employed in wastewater treatment due to its effectiveness in killing a broad range of pathogens. However, one of the significant risks associated with this method is the formation of toxic byproducts. When chlorine reacts with organic matter present in the wastewater, it can form byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are known to have potential health risks. These byproducts can be hazardous to human health and the environment, leading to regulations that limit their levels in treated water. Managing the formation of these toxic compounds is crucial for ensuring the safety of the treated effluent and protecting public health.

Other options, while they provide a contrasting perspective on chlorination, do not capture the primary risk associated with its usage as effectively.