What is the primary function of the activated sludge process?

The primary function of the activated sludge process is to remove organic wastes using living organisms. This biological treatment method relies on the activity of microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, which feed on the organic matter present in wastewater. As these microorganisms metabolize the organic compounds, they effectively reduce the concentration of pollutants, leading to cleaner effluent.

In the activated sludge process, air or oxygen is supplied to a mixture of wastewater and microbes, promoting aerobic digestion. This process not only breaks down organic materials but also facilitates the growth of microbial populations, forming floc that can be settled and separated from the treated water.

The emphasis on using living organisms distinguishes this method from purely physical or chemical treatment approaches, underscoring the process's reliance on biological activity to achieve pollutant removal.