What is the process called when a material clings to the surface of another material?

The process where a material clings to the surface of another material is known as adsorption. This occurs when molecules or particles adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a film. Adsorption is distinct from absorption, where a substance is taken into the interior of another material.

In the context of wastewater treatment and chemical processes, understanding adsorption is essential because it plays a critical role in removing contaminants from water. For example, activated carbon is commonly used in water treatment to adsorb organic compounds, pesticides, and other pollutants, effectively improving water quality.

The other concepts mentioned, such as desorption and filtration, represent different processes. Desorption refers to the release of adsorbed material, while filtration is a separation technique that removes particles from a fluid through a porous medium. Hence, recognizing the specific definitions and differences between these terms is crucial for understanding processes in wastewater management and treatment systems.